Modèles GitHub Actions

Patterns de workflow GitHub Actions prêts pour la production pour tester, construire et déployer des applications.

Purpose

Créer des workflows GitHub Actions efficaces et sécurisés pour l'intégration continue et le déploiement sur diverses stacks technologiques.

When to Use

Automatiser les tests et le déploiement
Construire des images Docker et les pousser vers des registries
Déployer vers des clusters Kubernetes
Exécuter des scans de sécurité
Implémenter des builds matrix pour plusieurs environnements

Common Workflow Patterns

Pattern 1: Test Workflow

name: Test

on:
  push:
    branches: [main, develop]
  pull_request:
    branches: [main]

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    strategy:
      matrix:
        node-version: [18.x, 20.x]

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Use Node.js ${{ matrix.node-version }}
        uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: ${{ matrix.node-version }}
          cache: "npm"

      - name: Install dependencies
        run: npm ci

      - name: Run linter
        run: npm run lint

      - name: Run tests
        run: npm test

      - name: Upload coverage
        uses: codecov/codecov-action@v4
        with:
          files: ./coverage/lcov.info

Reference: See assets/test-workflow.yml

Pattern 2: Build and Push Docker Image

name: Build and Push

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
    tags: ["v*"]

env:
  REGISTRY: ghcr.io
  IMAGE_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    permissions:
      contents: read
      packages: write

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Log in to Container Registry
        uses: docker/login-action@v3
        with:
          registry: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}
          username: ${{ github.actor }}
          password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}

      - name: Extract metadata
        id: meta
        uses: docker/metadata-action@v5
        with:
          images: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}
          tags: |
            type=ref,event=branch
            type=ref,event=pr
            type=semver,pattern={{version}}
            type=semver,pattern={{major}}.{{minor}}

      - name: Build and push
        uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
        with:
          context: .
          push: true
          tags: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.tags }}
          labels: ${{ steps.meta.outputs.labels }}
          cache-from: type=gha
          cache-to: type=gha,mode=max

Reference: See assets/deploy-workflow.yml

Pattern 3: Deploy to Kubernetes

name: Deploy to Kubernetes

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]

jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Configure AWS credentials
        uses: aws-actions/configure-aws-credentials@v4
        with:
          aws-access-key-id: ${{ secrets.AWS_ACCESS_KEY_ID }}
          aws-secret-access-key: ${{ secrets.AWS_SECRET_ACCESS_KEY }}
          aws-region: us-west-2

      - name: Update kubeconfig
        run: |
          aws eks update-kubeconfig --name production-cluster --region us-west-2

      - name: Deploy to Kubernetes
        run: |
          kubectl apply -f k8s/
          kubectl rollout status deployment/my-app -n production
          kubectl get services -n production

      - name: Verify deployment
        run: |
          kubectl get pods -n production
          kubectl describe deployment my-app -n production

Pattern 4: Matrix Build

name: Matrix Build

on: [push, pull_request]

jobs:
  build:
    runs-on: ${{ matrix.os }}

    strategy:
      matrix:
        os: [ubuntu-latest, macos-latest, windows-latest]
        python-version: ["3.9", "3.10", "3.11", "3.12"]

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Set up Python
        uses: actions/setup-python@v5
        with:
          python-version: ${{ matrix.python-version }}

      - name: Install dependencies
        run: |
          python -m pip install --upgrade pip
          pip install -r requirements.txt

      - name: Run tests
        run: pytest

Reference: See assets/matrix-build.yml

Workflow Best Practices

Use specific action versions (@v4, not @latest)
Cache dependencies to speed up builds
Use secrets for sensitive data
Implement status checks on PRs
Use matrix builds for multi-version testing
Set appropriate permissions
Use reusable workflows for common patterns
Implement approval gates for production
Add notification steps for failures
Use self-hosted runners for sensitive workloads

Reusable Workflows

# .github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
name: Reusable Test Workflow

on:
  workflow_call:
    inputs:
      node-version:
        required: true
        type: string
    secrets:
      NPM_TOKEN:
        required: true

jobs:
  test:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4
      - uses: actions/setup-node@v4
        with:
          node-version: ${{ inputs.node-version }}
      - run: npm ci
      - run: npm test

Use reusable workflow:

jobs:
  call-test:
    uses: ./.github/workflows/reusable-test.yml
    with:
      node-version: "20.x"
    secrets:
      NPM_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.NPM_TOKEN }}

Security Scanning

name: Security Scan

on:
  push:
    branches: [main]
  pull_request:
    branches: [main]

jobs:
  security:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Run Trivy vulnerability scanner
        uses: aquasecurity/trivy-action@0.28.0
        with:
          scan-type: "fs"
          scan-ref: "."
          format: "sarif"
          output: "trivy-results.sarif"

      - name: Upload Trivy results to GitHub Security
        uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@v3
        with:
          sarif_file: "trivy-results.sarif"

      - name: Run Snyk Security Scan
        uses: snyk/actions/node@0.4.0
        env:
          SNYK_TOKEN: ${{ secrets.SNYK_TOKEN }}

Deployment with Approvals

name: Deploy to Production

on:
  push:
    tags: ["v*"]

jobs:
  deploy:
    runs-on: ubuntu-latest
    environment:
      name: production
      url: https://app.example.com

    steps:
      - uses: actions/checkout@v4

      - name: Deploy application
        run: |
          echo "Deploying to production..."
          # Deployment commands here

      - name: Notify Slack
        if: success()
        uses: slackapi/slack-github-action@v1
        with:
          webhook-url: ${{ secrets.SLACK_WEBHOOK }}
          payload: |
            {
              "text": "Deployment to production completed successfully!"
            }

Related Skills

gitlab-ci-patterns - For GitLab CI workflows
deployment-pipeline-design - For pipeline architecture
secrets-management - For secrets handling

github-actions-templates